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PEACE-MAKING DATA FOR SDGSBALANCING DATA PROTECTION AND A JUST DISTRIBUTIONOF DIGITAL DIVIDENDS GLOBALLYWorkshop on Science, Technology andInnovation for the SDGsUnited Nations Conference Centre (UNCC), ESCAP,Bangkok, Thailand, 27th February – 1st March 2019Yola Georgiadou

Data for peace and justice Technically powerful– Missing population statistics– Missing maps– Tracking absence But, morally defensible?Spiderman: “With great computing power,comes great moral responsibility”

GDPR in EUhttps://teachprivacy.com/gdpr-resources/

CulturesLowREGULATIONHighINTEGRATIONHighLow?Mary4

Privacy cultures in the EUREGULATIONINTEGRATIONLowHighHighWe produce &manage our dataData-for-all lawLowMy data for a fairpriceYou have zeroprivacy, get overit!

Privacy cultures in the EUREGULATIONINTEGRATIONHighLowHighWe produce &manage our dataData-for-all law Data as commonpool goodLow Data as publicgoodMy data for a fairpriceYou have zeroprivacy, get overit! Data as private good Data as club good

Malabo Convention in AU 2014 – AU aims to establish regional and nationallegal frameworks for cyber-security, electronictransactions and personal data protection. 2018 - AU data protection guidelines for MemberStates, broadly aligned with the GDPR 40% of African countries have enacted dataprotection legislation Only Kenya and South Africa have tested dataprotection rights in courts (Alex Makulilo 2016)

Privacy cultures in the AUREGULATIONINTEGRATIONHighLowHighWe produce &manage our dataData-for-all law Data as commonpool goodLow? Data as publicgoodMy data for a fairpriceYou have zeroprivacy, get overit! Data as private good Data as club good

Data & strong statehoodREGULATIONINTEGRATIONHighLowLowHighGov. maintains aninfrastructure to makedata accessible to thepublic. common-pool goodGov. uses data forsurveillance and controlof citizens & businessesGov. has surrenderedcomplete data valuechains to the marketData market isdominated by privateparties stronglycontrolled by gov. club good private good public good

Responsible data (ResD) actorsTaylor, Linnet. 2016. The ethics of big data as a public good: which public?Whose good?, Philosophical Trans. Royal Soc. A. Vol 374, Issue 2083

Data & weak statehoodINTEGRATIONHighLowLowREGULATIONHighResD actors maintainan infrastructure tomake data accessible tothe public common-pool goodResD actors use data forsurveillance and controlof citizens & businessesGov. has surrenderedcomplete data valuechains to the marketData market isdominated by privateparties stronglyuncontrolled by ResD private good club good public good

Data & weak statehoodINTEGRATIONHighLowREGULATIONHighResD actors maintainan infrastructure tomake data accessible tothe public common-pool goodResD actors use data forsurveillance and controlof citizens & businesses public good

Data & weak statehoodINTEGRATIONHighLowREGULATIONHighD4D actors maintain anD4D actors use data forHowwillthegov.Whichenforceableinfrastructure to makesurveillance and controlusedatacommonprotectionaccessiblepoolto the dataof citizens& businessespublicgoods?regulation? common-pool goodHow will peopleuse common-poolgoods to organizeand negotiate withgovernment? public goodHow to strengtheninstead of furtherhollowing up thepublic goodcustodian – thestate?

Data & weak statehoodINTEGRATIONHighLowREGULATIONHighD4D actors maintain aninfrastructure to makedata accessible to thepublic of groupBreach common-pool goodprivacy may haveseriousimplications forpersonal privacy.D4D actors use data forWhichprivacysurveillance and controlcultures,of citizensin&whichbusinessescontexts? public goodWhat is legitimatepersonal behaviorwhere? personal data

Group privacy – refugees (1)

Group privacy – refugees (2)

Group privacy – refugees (3)

Group privacy – flood plain dwellers (1)

Group privacy – flood plain dwellers (2)

Night light images DMSP-OLS (Defense Meteorological Satellite Program) Nighttime LightsTime Series data (1 km) is available from 1992 - 2013 (DMSP-OLS has aspatial resolution of at 0.55km at fine mode and 2.7 at smooth mode)– Stable lights– Average mposites.html )http://www.esa.int/Our Activities/Observing the Earth/Earth from Space Night lights/(print)

Differences between Stable andAverage NightlightsExample UgandaStable lightslightsAverage

DMSP-OLS Nighttime Lights TimeSeries – War in Syria200720132010KobaneKobaneDownload OLS data: .html

235 million locations captured from 1.2 million unique devices in the New York area during athree-day period in 2017. Credit Richard Harris/The New York TimesNew York Times 2018/12/10235 million locations captured from 1.2 million uniquedevices in the New York area during a three-day period in2017. Credit Richard Harris/The New York Times

Data for peace and justice Technically powerful– Missing population statistics– Missing maps– Tracking absence But, morally defensible?Spiderman: “With great computing power,comes great moral responsibility”

United Nations Conference Centre (UNCC), ESCAP, Bangkok, Thailand, 27th February –1st March 2019 . Data for peace and justice Technically powerful . legal frameworks for cyber-security, electronic transactions and personal data pro